tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-880323363348766452024-02-08T09:54:10.983-08:00Sistem informasi komputerHeaven skyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10130739721283358452noreply@blogger.comBlogger4125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-88032336334876645.post-7758282490776433342010-10-18T22:50:00.001-07:002010-10-18T22:50:29.876-07:00WWW prefixMany domain names used for the World Wide Web begin with <i>www</i> because of the long-standing practice of naming Internet hosts (servers) according to the services they provide. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hostname" title="Hostname">hostname</a> for a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_server" title="Web server">web server</a> is often <i>www</i>, in the same way that it may be <i>ftp</i> for an <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FTP_server" title="FTP server">FTP server</a>, and <i>news</i> or <i>nntp</i> for a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USENET" title="USENET">USENET</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_server" title="News server">news server</a>. These host names appear as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System" title="Domain Name System">Domain Name System</a> (DNS) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subdomain" title="Subdomain">subdomain</a> names, as in <tt>www.example.com</tt>. The use of 'www' as a subdomain name is not required by any technical or policy standard; indeed, the first ever web server was called <tt>nxoc01.cern.ch</tt>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-23"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup> and many web sites exist without it. Many established websites still use 'www', or they invent other subdomain names such as 'www2', 'secure', etc. Many such web servers are set up such that both the domain root (e.g., example.com) and the <i>www</i> subdomain (e.g., www.example.com) refer to the same site; others require one form or the other, or they may map to different web sites.<br />
The use of a subdomain name is useful for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load_balancing_%28computing%29" title="Load balancing (computing)">load balancing</a> incoming web traffic by creating a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNAME_record" title="CNAME record">CNAME record</a> that points to a cluster of web servers. Since, currently, only a subdomain can be cname'ed the same result cannot be achieved by using the bare domain root.<br />
When a user submits an incomplete website address to a web browser in its address bar input field, some web browsers automatically try adding the prefix "www" to the beginning of it and possibly ".com", ".org" and ".net" at the end, depending on what might be missing. For example, entering 'microsoft' may be transformed to <i>http://www.microsoft.com/</i> and 'openoffice' to <i>http://www.openoffice.org</i>. This feature started appearing in early versions of Mozilla <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefox" title="Firefox">Firefox</a>, when it still had the working title 'Firebird' in early 2003.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-24"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-24"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup> It is reported that Microsoft was granted a US patent for the same idea in 2008, but only for mobile devices.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-25"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
The scheme specifier (<i>http://</i> or <i>https://</i>) in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier" title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URIs</a> refers to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol" title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol">Hypertext Transfer Protocol</a> and to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_Secure" title="HTTP Secure">HTTP Secure</a> respectively and so defines the communication protocol to be used for the request and response. The HTTP protocol is fundamental to the operation of the World Wide Web, and the encryption involved in HTTPS adds an essential layer if confidential information such as passwords or banking information are to be exchanged over the public Internet. Web browsers usually prepend the scheme to URLs too, if omitted.<br />
In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronunciation_of_%22www%22" title="Pronunciation of "www""><i>www</i> is pronounced</a> by individually pronouncing the name of characters (<i>double-u double-u double-u</i>). Although some technical users pronounce it <i>dub-dub-dub</i> this is not widespread. The English writer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Adams" title="Douglas Adams">Douglas Adams</a> once quipped in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent on Sunday</a> (1999): "The World Wide Web is the only thing I know of whose shortened form takes three times longer to say than what it's short for," with Stephen Fry later pronouncing it in his "Podgrammes" series of podcasts as "wuh wuh wuh." In Mandarin <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>, <i>World Wide Web</i> is commonly translated via a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phono-semantic_matching" title="Phono-semantic matching">phono-semantic matching</a> to <i>wàn wéi wǎng</i> (<span lang="zh" xml:lang="zh"><a class="extiw" href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E7%BB%B4%E7%BD%91" title="wikt:万维网">万维网</a></span>), which satisfies <i>www</i> and literally means "myriad dimensional net",<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-26"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup> a translation that very appropriately reflects the design concept and proliferation of the World Wide Web. Tim Berners-Lee's web-space states that <i>World Wide Web</i> is officially spelled as three separate words, each capitalized, with no intervening hyphensHeaven skyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10130739721283358452noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-88032336334876645.post-41066117728432265242010-10-18T22:47:00.001-07:002010-10-18T22:47:20.205-07:00FunctionThe terms Internet and World Wide Web are often used in every-day speech without much distinction. However, the Internet and the World Wide Web are not one and the same. The Internet is a global system of interconnected <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_networks" title="Computer networks">computer networks</a>. In contrast, the Web is one of the services that runs on the Internet. It is a collection of interconnected documents and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs. In short, the Web is an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_software" title="Application software">application</a> running on the Internet.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-20"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup> Viewing a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_page" title="Web page">web page</a> on the World Wide Web normally begins either by typing the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator">URL</a> of the page into a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browser</a>, or by following a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink" title="Hyperlink">hyperlink</a> to that page or resource. The web browser then initiates a series of communication messages, behind the scenes, in order to fetch and display it.<br />
First, the server-name portion of the URL is resolved into an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP address</a> using the global, distributed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> database known as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System" title="Domain Name System">Domain Name System</a> (DNS). This IP address is necessary to contact the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_server" title="Web server">Web server</a>. The browser then requests the resource by sending an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol" title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol">HTTP</a> request to the Web server at that particular address. In the case of a typical web page, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> text of the page is requested first and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsing" title="Parsing">parsed</a> immediately by the web browser, which then makes additional requests for images and any other files that complete the page image. Statistics measuring a website's popularity are usually based either on the number of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Page_view" title="Page view">page views</a> or associated server '<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hit_%28internet%29" title="Hit (internet)">hits</a>' (file requests) that take place.<br />
While receiving these files from the web server, browsers may progressively <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layout_engine" title="Layout engine">render</a> the page onto the screen as specified by its HTML, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets" title="Cascading Style Sheets">Cascading Style Sheets</a> (CSS), or other page composition languages. Any images and other resources are incorporated to produce the on-screen web page that the user sees. Most web pages contain <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink" title="Hyperlink">hyperlinks</a> to other related pages and perhaps to downloadable files, source documents, definitions and other web resources. Such a collection of useful, related resources, interconnected via hypertext links is dubbed a <i>web</i> of information. Publication on the Internet created what <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a> first called the <i>WorldWideWeb</i> (in its original <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CamelCase" title="CamelCase">CamelCase</a>, which was subsequently discarded) in November 1990.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-W90-1"><span></span></a>Heaven skyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10130739721283358452noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-88032336334876645.post-50341546904040684452010-10-18T22:43:00.000-07:002010-10-18T22:43:17.231-07:00History WWW<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a> predicted in <i>Popular Science</i> in May 1970<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> that satellites would one day "bring the accumulated knowledge of the world to our fingertips" using an office console that would combine the functionality of the xerox, telephone, TV and a small computer so as to allow both data transfer and video conferencing around the globe.<br />
In March 1989, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a> wrote a proposal<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> that referenced <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENQUIRE" title="ENQUIRE">ENQUIRE</a>, a database and software project he had built in 1980, and described a more elaborate information management system.<br />
With help from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Cailliau" title="Robert Cailliau">Robert Cailliau</a>, he published a more formal proposal (on November 12, 1990) to build a "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext" title="Hypertext">Hypertext</a> project" called "WorldWideWeb" (one word, also "W3") as a "web" of "hypertext documents" to be viewed by "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">browsers</a>" using a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client%E2%80%93server" title="Client–server">client–server</a> architecture.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-W90_1-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-W90-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> This proposal estimated that a read-only web would be developed within three months and that it would take six months to achieve "the creation of new links and new material by readers, [so that] authorship becomes universal" as well as "the automatic notification of a reader when new material of interest to him/her has become available." See <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0" title="Web 2.0">Web 2.0</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSS" title="RSS">RSS</a>/<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom_%28standard%29" title="Atom (standard)">Atom</a>, which have taken a little longer to mature.<br />
The proposal had been modeled after the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynatext" title="Dynatext">Dynatext</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SGML" title="SGML">SGML</a> reader by Electronic Book Technology, a spin-off from the Institute for Research in Information and Scholarship at Brown University. The Dynatext system, licensed by CERN, was technically advanced and was a key player in the extension of SGML ISO 8879:1986 to Hypermedia within <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyTime" title="HyTime">HyTime</a>, but it was considered too expensive and had an inappropriate licensing policy for use in the general high energy physics community, namely a fee for each document and each document alteration.<br />
<div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:First_Web_Server.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/First_Web_Server.jpg/220px-First_Web_Server.jpg" width="220" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:First_Web_Server.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>This <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NeXT_Computer" title="NeXT Computer">NeXT Computer</a> used by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a> at CERN became the first web server.</div></div></div><div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cern_datacenter.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="147" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Cern_datacenter.jpg/220px-Cern_datacenter.jpg" width="220" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cern_datacenter.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>The CERN <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datacenter" title="Datacenter">datacenter</a> in 2010 housing some www servers.</div></div></div>A <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NeXT_Computer" title="NeXT Computer">NeXT Computer</a> was used by Berners-Lee as the world's first <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_server" title="Web server">web server</a> and also to write the first <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browser</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WorldWideWeb" title="WorldWideWeb">WorldWideWeb</a>, in 1990. By Christmas 1990, Berners-Lee had built all the tools necessary for a working Web:<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WorldWideWeb" title="WorldWideWeb">first web browser</a> (which was a web editor as well); the first web server; and the first web pages,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> which described the project itself. On August 6, 1991, he posted a short summary of the World Wide Web project on the <tt>alt.hypertext</tt> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsgroup" title="Newsgroup">newsgroup</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> This date also marked the debut of the Web as a publicly available service on the Internet. The first server outside Europe was set up at <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLAC" title="SLAC">SLAC</a> to host the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPIRES" title="SPIRES">SPIRES-HEP</a> database. Accounts differ substantially as to the date of this event. The World Wide Web Consortium says December 1992,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> whereas SLAC itself claims 1991.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> This is supported by a W3C document entitled <i>A Little History of the World Wide Web</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
The crucial underlying concept of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext" title="Hypertext">hypertext</a> originated with older projects from the 1960s, such as the Hypertext Editing System (HES) at Brown University, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Nelson" title="Ted Nelson">Ted Nelson</a>'s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Xanadu" title="Project Xanadu">Project Xanadu</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Engelbart" title="Douglas Engelbart">Douglas Engelbart</a>'s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NLS_%28computer_system%29" title="NLS (computer system)">oN-Line System</a> (NLS). Both Nelson and Engelbart were in turn inspired by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vannevar_Bush" title="Vannevar Bush">Vannevar Bush</a>'s <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microfilm" title="Microfilm">microfilm</a>-based "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memex" title="Memex">memex</a>", which was described in the 1945 essay "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/As_We_May_Think" title="As We May Think">As We May Think</a>".<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from August 2009">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup><br />
Berners-Lee's breakthrough was to marry hypertext to the Internet. In his book <i>Weaving The Web</i>, he explains that he had repeatedly suggested that a marriage between the two technologies was possible to members of <i>both</i> technical communities, but when no one took up his invitation, he finally tackled the project himself. In the process, he developed a system of globally unique identifiers for resources on the Web and elsewhere: the Universal Document Identifier (UDI), later known as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator">Uniform Resource Locator</a> (URL) and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier" title="Uniform Resource Identifier">Uniform Resource Identifier</a> (URI); the publishing language <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Markup_Language" title="Hypertext Markup Language">HyperText Markup Language</a> (HTML); and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol" title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol">Hypertext Transfer Protocol</a> (HTTP).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
The World Wide Web had a number of differences from other hypertext systems that were then available. The Web required only unidirectional links rather than bidirectional ones. This made it possible for someone to link to another resource without action by the owner of that resource. It also significantly reduced the difficulty of implementing web servers and browsers (in comparison to earlier systems), but in turn presented the chronic problem of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link_rot" title="Link rot">link rot</a>. Unlike predecessors such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperCard" title="HyperCard">HyperCard</a>, the World Wide Web was non-proprietary, making it possible to develop servers and clients independently and to add extensions without licensing restrictions. On April 30, 1993, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a> announced<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup> that the World Wide Web would be free to anyone, with no fees due. Coming two months after the announcement that the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gopher_%28protocol%29" title="Gopher (protocol)">Gopher</a> protocol was no longer free to use, this produced a rapid shift away from Gopher and towards the Web. An early popular web browser was <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ViolaWWW" title="ViolaWWW">ViolaWWW</a>, which was based upon <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperCard" title="HyperCard">HyperCard</a>.<br />
Scholars generally agree that a turning point for the World Wide Web began with the introduction<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosaic_%28web_browser%29" title="Mosaic (web browser)">Mosaic</a> web browser<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-16"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup> in 1993, a graphical browser developed by a team at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Center_for_Supercomputing_Applications" title="National Center for Supercomputing Applications">National Center for Supercomputing Applications</a> at the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Illinois_at_Urbana-Champaign" title="University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign">University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign</a> (NCSA-UIUC), led by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Andreessen" title="Marc Andreessen">Marc Andreessen</a>. Funding for Mosaic came from the U.S. <i>High-Performance Computing and Communications Initiative</i>, a funding program initiated by the <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Performance_Computing_and_Communication_Act_of_1991" title="High Performance Computing and Communication Act of 1991">High Performance Computing and Communication Act of 1991</a></i>, one of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Gore_and_information_technology" title="Al Gore and information technology">several computing developments</a> initiated by U.S. Senator <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> Prior to the release of Mosaic, graphics were not commonly mixed with text in web pages and the Web's popularity was less than older protocols in use over the Internet, such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gopher_%28protocol%29" title="Gopher (protocol)">Gopher</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_Area_Information_Servers" title="Wide Area Information Servers">Wide Area Information Servers</a> (WAIS). Mosaic's graphical user interface allowed the Web to become, by far, the most popular Internet protocol.<br />
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) was founded by Tim Berners-Lee after he left the European Organization for Nuclear Research (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a>) in October, 1994. It was founded at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> Laboratory for Computer Science (MIT/LCS) with support from the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency">Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency</a> (DARPA), which had pioneered the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>; a year later, a second site was founded at INRIA (a French national computer research lab) with support from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> DG InfSo; and in 1996, a third continental site was created in Japan at Keio University. By the end of 1994, while the total number of websites was still minute compared to present standards, quite a number of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_websites_founded_before_1995" title="List of websites founded before 1995">notable websites</a> were already active, many of which are the precursors or inspiration for today's most popular services.<br />
Connected by the existing Internet, other <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Website" title="Website">websites</a> were created around the world, adding international standards for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name" title="Domain name">domain names</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>. Since then, Berners-Lee has played an active role in guiding the development of web standards (such as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markup_language" title="Markup language">markup languages</a> in which web pages are composed), and in recent years has advocated his vision of a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Web" title="Semantic Web">Semantic Web</a>. The World Wide Web enabled the spread of information over the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> through an easy-to-use and flexible format. It thus played an important role in popularizing use of the Internet.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-18"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> Although the two terms are sometimes <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflation" title="Conflation">conflated</a> in popular use, <i>World Wide Web</i> is not <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synonym" title="Synonym">synonymous</a> with <i>Internet</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-19"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup> The Web is an application built on top of the Internet.Heaven skyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10130739721283358452noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-88032336334876645.post-30011893369493646232010-10-18T22:40:00.000-07:002010-10-18T22:40:13.469-07:00World Wide WebThe <b>World Wide Web</b>, abbreviated as <b>WWW</b> and commonly known as <b>the Web</b>, is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_system" title="Information system">system</a> of interlinked <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext" title="Hypertext">hypertext</a> documents accessed via the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>. With a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browser</a>, one can view <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_page" title="Web page">web pages</a> that may contain <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing" title="Writing">text</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image" title="Image">images</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video" title="Video">videos</a>, and other <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia" title="Multimedia">multimedia</a> and navigate between them by using <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink" title="Hyperlink">hyperlinks</a>. Using concepts from earlier hypertext systems, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a> engineer and computer scientist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Sir Tim Berners-Lee</a>, now the Director of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a>, wrote a proposal in March 1989 for what would eventually become the World Wide Web.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AHT_0-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-AHT-0"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> At <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, Berners-Lee and Belgian computer scientist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Cailliau" title="Robert Cailliau">Robert Cailliau</a> proposed in 1990 to use "HyperText [...] to link and access information of various kinds as a web of nodes in which the user can browse at will",<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-W90_1-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-W90-1"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> and publicly introduced the project in December.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-2"><span></span><span></span></a></sup><br />
"The World-Wide Web (W3) was developed to be a pool of human knowledge, and human culture, which would allow collaborators in remote sites to share their ideas and all aspects of a common project." <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#cite_note-3"><span></span></a>Heaven skyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10130739721283358452noreply@blogger.com0